Blog of Veikko M.O.T. Nyfors, Hybrid Quantum ICT consultant
Quantum Mechanics demystified, a try
Project maintained by veikkonyfors
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Subatomic particles
Overview
Quarks
| |
Up |
Charm |
Top |
| charge |
+$\frac{2e}{3}$ |
+$\frac{2e}{3}$ |
+$\frac{2e}{3}$ |
| spin |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
| mass |
$4.2\frac{GeV}{c^2}$ |
$1.27 \frac{GeV}{c^2}$ |
$173.1 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
| |
Down |
Strange |
Bottom |
| charge |
-$\frac{e}{3}$ |
-$\frac{e}{3}$ |
-$\frac{e}{3}$ |
| spin |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
| mass |
$4.8 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$96\frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$4.2\frac{GeV}{c^2}$ |
Leptons
| |
Electron |
Positron |
Muon |
| Charge |
$-e$ |
$+e$ |
$-e$ |
| Spin |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
| Mass |
$0.511 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$0.511 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$105.7 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
Baryons
| |
Proton |
Neutron |
|
| Charge |
+$e$ |
0 |
|
| Spin |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
$\frac{1}{2}$ |
|
| Mass |
$938 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
$0.5 \frac{MeV}{c^2}$ |
|
| Quarks |
UUD |
DDU |
|
Mesons
| |
Pion |
Rho |
| |
$\pi^+, \pi^- \hspace{1em} or \hspace{1em} \pi^0$ |
$\rho^+, \rho^- \hspace{1em} or \hspace{1em} \rho^0$ |
Vocalbulary
Color charge
Red, green or blue.
Relates to strong nuclear force, dealt with in QCD.
Color quantum state is needed, as some hadrons, e.g. $\Delta^{++}$, consist of quarks with some incompatible quantum states otherwise
Electronvolt
Unit of energy required to have an electron move through a voltage difference of 1V in an electric field. $1eV=1.602\cdot 10^{-19}J \hspace{1em}(\frac{kgm^2}{s^2})$
QCD
Quantum chromodynamics, describes Strong Nuclear Force.
Red, green and blue colors add up to neutral.
All quarks in a hadron need to have different color, resulting to a colorless hadron.
E.g. a proton has UUD quarks, with each having a different color.
Two of these quarks at a time, but continuously, interchange their colors by exchanging a gluon.
Gluon becomes the force carrying particles between these quarks, mediating the strong nuclear force.